Anti-hypertensives used in emergencies

"Saurav Ganguly HELP"

S-sodium nitroprusside

G-Glyceryltrinitrate

H-hydralazine

E-esmolol

L-labetalol

P-phentolamine

Chewing gum - Good Or Bad For Teeth ?

Some studies show that chewing gum can have an indirect positive effect on your teeth. Gum can stimulate production of saliva and increase salivary flow. Saliva is a natural buffering agent which washes the teeth and neutralizes some of the acid produced by bacteria. It is the acid which erodes enamel and eventually causes cavities. Also, some people do not produce sufficient saliva. One study showed that after chewing gum for 10 minutes each waking hour for two weeks, participants increased their salivary flow to a functional level and increased salivary pH and buffering capacity.

On the other hand, gum typically contains some type of sweetener. Brands of gum containing sugar can be harmful to your teeth if these types of gum are chewed too often or are removed from the mouth too soon. In fact, studies have shown that if a person chews gum containing sugar, it should be chewed for at least 15 to 20 minutes. After this time, the sugar is gone, but the saliva is sufficiently stimulated to rinse away some of the sugar residue.



Vogel et al., (1998) found significant increases in pH, free calcium, and phosphate concentrations in plaque and saliva when an alpha-tricalcium-phosphate-containing gum was chewed after a sugary meal. The results of the study suggest that this experimental gum may be more effective than conventional gum in reducing the cavity causing effects of sugar.


One artificial sweetener called Xylitol (e.g. Xylifresh gum) is proving to be quite beneficial. This ingredient may directly prevent cavities. One study from Finland shows not only a reduction in decay in children who have chewed gum with this ingredient, but extremely small lesions have actually been reversed. The exact mechanism of action of Xylitol is unknown, but it appears to inhibit bacterial growth, including growth of Streptococcus mutans -- the main bacteria implicated in dental decay. Perhaps it causes Streptococcus mutans to lose a competitive edge in the oral ecosystem.


The proper protocol for cavity protection is to chew two pieces of gum three to five times daily for at least five minutes per chewing session. Any less time will decrease the effectiveness of the Xylitol. Xylitol appears to be the only artificial sweetener which is not fermented by Streptococcus mutans, although the other sweeteners are fermented at a much lower rate than sugar.


One eight-week crossover clinical study conducted at the University of the Pacific School of Dentistry found that BreathAssure Dental Gum reduced the accumulation of plaque on the test subjects' teeth by 35 percent. Volunteers chewed the gum three times a day for 20 minutes, while a control group chewed a placebo gum. All test subjects practiced regular brushing and flossing routines during the study. The results of this study were made public on February 2, 1999.


One drawback to chewing gum is the potential for TMJ (temporomandibular joint) problems. Gum chewing may result in muscle fatigue and pain--especially if it is done frequently and/or for long periods of time. In one survey of orthodontists and oral surgeons, 46 percent believed that infrequent gum chewing could lead to TMJ concerns. This statistic increased to 65 percent for frequent gum chewers. Orthodontists appeared to express more concern than oral surgeons. Perhaps they are also worried about the effects of gum chewing on orthodontic appliances. Research, however, has not really established the relationship between gum chewing and development of structural changes within the jaw joint, which could lead to fatigue and/or pain.


Gum chewing is an individual choice. If you chew gum, I strongly recommend a sugarless gum. It is a good idea to brush your teeth, or at least rinse your mouth with water after chewing gum. If you are susceptible to decay, gum containing Xylitol may have some benefit for you. If you experience muscle fatigue, jaw joint pain, or headaches from chewing gum, perhaps infrequent chewing or excluding gum altogether may be the best solution.

A Healthy Mouth For Your Baby

---

A Healthy Mouth for Your Baby

Healthy teeth are important—even baby teeth. Children need healthy teeth to help them chew and to speak clearly. And baby teeth hold space for adult teeth. This booklet can help you keep your baby's mouth healthy and give him a healthy start!

Ann Talks With Maria

Ann and her friend Maria were watching Maria's children play.

"What are you doing?" asked Ann.

"I'm cleaning my baby's teeth," said Maria.

"But your baby hardly has any teeth!" said Ann.

"Yes, but the dentist said there are things I can do to keep my baby from getting cavities," said Maria.

"But don't baby teeth just fall out?" asked Ann.

"Yes, but before they fall out baby teeth can decay and cause pain for the baby. And baby teeth are important—they hold space for adult teeth," said Maria.

"What else did the dentist say?" asked Ann.

"She told me that fluoride protects teeth. She also said to feed my baby healthy foods and not to put my baby to bed with a bottle," said Maria.

"When do you have to start taking care of a baby's teeth?" asked Ann.

"As soon as they come in. Teeth can start to decay as soon as they appear in the mouth," said Maria.

"I'll have to start thinking of those things soon!" said Ann.

Protect Your Baby's Teeth With Fluoride

Fluoride (said like floor-eyed) protects teeth from tooth decay. It can even heal early decay.

Fluoride is in the drinking water of many towns and cities.

Ask a dentist or doctor if your water has fluoride in it. If it doesn't, ask about other kinds of fluoride (such as fluoride varnish or drops) that can help keep your baby's teeth healthy.

Check and Clean Your Baby's Teeth

Check your baby's teeth.

Healthy teeth should be all one color. If you see spots or stains on the teeth, take your baby to a dentist.

Clean your baby's teeth.

Clean them as soon as they come in with a clean, soft cloth or a baby's toothbrush. Clean the teeth at least once a day. It's best to clean them right before bedtime.

At about age 2 (or sooner if a dentist or doctor suggests it) you should start putting fluoride toothpaste on your child's toothbrush. Use only a pea-sized drop of toothpaste about as big as this—

Young children cannot get their teeth clean by themselves. Until they are 7 or 8 years old, you will need to help them brush. Try brushing their teeth first and then letting them finish.

Feed Your Baby Healthy Food

• Choose foods without a lot of sugar in them.
• Give your child fruits and vegetables for snacks.
• Save cookies and other treats for special occasions.

Don't Put Your Baby to Bed With a Bottle

Milk, formula, juice, and other drinks such as soda all have sugar in them. If sugary liquids stay on your baby's teeth too long, it can lead to tooth decay. (And decayed teeth can cause pain for your baby.)

What's one of the most important things you can do to keep your baby from getting cavities?

Avoid putting him to bed with a bottle—at night or at nap time. (If you do put your baby to bed with a bottle, fill it only with water.)

Here are some other things you can do:

• Between feedings, don't give your baby a bottle or sippy cup filled with sweet drinks to carry around.
• Near his first birthday, teach your child to drink from an open cup.
• If your baby uses a pacifier, don't dip it in anything sweet like sugar or honey.

Take Your Child to the Dentist

Your child should have a dental visit by his first birthday.  At this visit, the dentist will:

• Check your child's teeth.
• Show you the best way to clean your child's teeth.
• Talk to you about other things such as a healthy diet and fluoride that can keep your child's mouth healthy.

Source:NIDCR

Effect Of Diabetes On Dental Health

Diabetes can cause serious problems in your mouth. You can do something about it.

If you have diabetes, make sure you take care of your mouth. People with diabetes are at risk for mouth infections, especially periodontal (gum) disease. Periodontal disease can damage the gum and bone that hold your teeth in place and may lead to painful chewing problems. Some people with serious gum disease lose their teeth. Periodontal disease may also make it hard to control your blood glucose (blood sugar).

Other problems diabetes can cause are dry mouth and a fungal infection called thrush. Dry mouth happens when you do not have enough saliva—the fluid that keeps your mouth wet. Diabetes may also cause the glucose level in your saliva to increase. Together, these problems may lead to thrush, which causes painful white patches in your mouth.


You can keep your teeth and gums healthy. By controlling your blood glucose, brushing and flossing every day, and visiting a dentist regularly, you can help prevent periodontal disease. If your diabetes is not under control, you are more likely to develop problems in your mouth.
Take steps to keep your mouth healthy. Call your dentist when you notice a problem.

If you have diabetes, follow these steps:

• Control your blood glucose.
• Brush and floss every day.
• Visit your dentist regularly. Be sure to tell your dentist that you have diabetes.
• Tell your dentist if your dentures (false teeth) do not fit right, or if your gums are sore.
• Quit smoking. Smoking makes gum disease worse. Your physician or dentist can help you quit.
• Take time to check your mouth regularly for any problems. Sometimes people notice that their gums bleed when they brush and floss. Others notice dryness, soreness, white patches, or a bad taste in the mouth. All of these are reasons to visit your dentist.

Remember, good blood glucose control can help prevent mouth problems.

Mnemonic For Classification for MACRO GLOSSIA

Macro Glossia is divided into ACQUIRED and CONGENITAL Cause

 Remember Only Acquired Cause.
 " Mnemonic is MHCD -Mein Hu Chota Don "
M- Metabolic/Endocrine
H- hypothyroidism
C- Cretinism
D- Diabetes

 Beside these all are Congenital

 Congenital are
Idiopathic Muscle Hypertrophy, Gland Hyperplasia, Hemanigioma, Laband Syndrome, Lethal dwarfism of bromstrand, skeletal dysplasia of urbach,Lymphangioma, Down Syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedmenn syndrome, Behmel Syndrome, Lingual thyroid, Gargylism, Transient neonatal diabets mellitus, Trisomy 22,

 Infiltrative class 
"ends with SIS "
Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis

 Neoplastic 
"Mnemonics- Neo remembers his maa" 
Lymphangioma, carcinoma, hemangioma, plasmacytoma

 Traumatic
"Mnemonic- Trauma means anything related to injury"
Surgery,Hemorrhage, Direct Trauma, Intubation Injury, Radiation Therapy

 Systemic/Medical Condition
"Mnemonic- Dhoni in stadium is MAHI, And same dhoni if in MEDICAL hospital is unMAHI"
U- Uremia
N- Neurofibromatosis
M-Myxedema
A-Acromegaly
H-Hypertrophy
I-Iatrogenic macroglossia

Test Your Knowledge From Previous Year Exam

Here is the Question which also appeared many times in MDS Entrance exams. Its mnemonics is also published recently. Read the ques, Then read the mnemonics and answer it.

Here it goes.....

Ques : Shift Of Oxygen dissociation curve to the Right is caused by the following factors, EXCEPT
Options :
1. Increased 2,3, BPG
2. Increased Temperature
3. Increased concentration of carbon dioxide
4. Increased concentration of oxygen.


Here is the ANSWER
4
Follow this link for mnemonic of oxygen dissociation curve
http://dmnemonics.blogspot.com/2011/09/oxygen-haemoglobin-dissociation-curve.html

Drugs Causing Pancreatitis

"PADS"

pentamidine

azathioprim/ L- asparaginase

didanosine

sulfa drugs

IDA Certified Products

Adult Manual Toothbrush

• Colgate 360 Toothbrush
• Colgate Total Extra Soft Compact Head Toothbrush

Mouthwashes

• Listerine

Gums and Mints

• Orbit Sugarfree Chewing Gum

Tooth pastes

• Colgate Super Shakti Dental Cream
• Colgate Total
• Colgate Sensitive Tooth Paste
• Sensodyne Foaming Fluoridated Toothpaste

Straighten Teeth Without Braces

The usual method used to straighten teeth is to wear braces. But the whole process can be very long, uncomfortable and sometimes ugly. However, you should know that you can actually fix teeth without braces.
If you feel that braces aren’t your type of thing, then one of these other methods can be the right solution to fix crooked teeth.

One method to fix teeth without braces is Invisalign. This innovative system uses a series of retainer-type mouthpieces which will shape your teeth.
Usually, Invisalign results can be seen in a year’s time. This method is best for those who have minor teeth misalignment only.


Another method to fix crooked teeth is to have veneers applied to your teeth. Veneers will instantly give you a perfect smile minus all the pain of actual teeth straightening.
Veneers can be made out of porcelain or of composite material. Each one has its own set of advantages and disadvantages and it would be a good idea to speak to your dentist on which type is best for you.


Cosmetic contouring is another route to take to straighten teeth, especially if it is a problem with overcrowding. The process is pain-free and involves a series of procedures that focuses on reshaping your teeth.
Most of the time, it will take 1-3 visits to your dentist before actual results are seen. On the other hand, if the extent of correction is very limited, a removable orthodontic appliance can be used.
This type of technique works on the top teeth only. There are also a lot of drawbacks to this method but it is still a viable option aside from braces.

If you’ve previously had braces before but noticed some shifting in your teeth, you could ask for a specially designed retainer. Those who need minor corrections to straighten teeth are good candidates for retainers.

Now you know that it is actually possible to straighten teeth without braces. Ask your dentist for the best possible option of fixing teeth for you. It will be all worth it especially now that you have the option to fix crooked teeth using no braces.

India on Top of the Preferences List for Dental Tourism

In the last few years dental tourism has proved an extremely advantageous way for people to resolve their medical needs quite cheaply and also to combine the useful with the pleasurable.

India in particular, is a country whose dental tourismannual growth rate is estimated to increase by 30%, and by 2012 India’s medical tourism will contribute with $2 billion in annual revenue.

Dental tourism in general has seen a great success all over the world. Developing countries boast with top medical equipment in the private sector, and the hospitals and private practices in these countries quite often surpass qualitatively the facilities existent in the western countries such as Great Britain US or Germany.
Moreover, the dental tourism packages in these developing countries also come at extremely advantageous prices.

The dental tourism in India is making huge efforts to comply with all the international quality standards existent in the westernized countries. Moreover, English is a language widely spoken in India especially at the institutions.

The Indian government is also playing a constant active role in helping this particular industry grow steadily. For example, the government has invested a lot of money into infrastructure, to make it even more compliant with international standards.

The Indian health system is basically enticing foreigners by showing them how much money they can save on ultra modern dental procedures and even on sophisticatedcosmetic dentistry treatments.
For example, in most US or western European dentistry practices, patients have to take out of pocket around $300- $400 for dental fillings. For the exact same procedure, in India the patient is required to pay anything between $20 and $40.

Then, root canal treatments are known as being notoriously expensive especially in the US- the price for this particular procedure might go up to $3,000. In India, one has to pay between $1,000 and $2,000 maximum for a root canal treatment. For dentures, in India one will pay as little as $200, while in the West the costs for this procedure exceed well over $1,000.

India is on the top of the preferences list for many foreigners seeking advantageous dental treatments, mainly because the country has a rich and beautiful history and traditions, and of course there are plenty of tourist spots all around the country.

Medical tourism organizations prepare some very intriguing dental tourism packages for their clients which comprise of all the important and high quality dental care procedures and which also contain short trips to important landmarks.

Alternative to Dental Insurance in India

Dental care is always considered as an expensive affair. More often this belief is what keeps people out of a dental office, till they end up some need for emergency treatment. Dental insurance is a never heard of in India till date, although it is present in varying proportions in the western countries. However to address to this need OroEdge Health Care Pvt. Ltd, a Dental Health management Organisation(DHMO) founded by Dr Dheeraj Grover and Dr Kumar Gaurav offers Dental Health Plan.


Unlike Insurance, Dental Health Plan (Dental Insurance Alternative) has no strings attached to it. There is no age restriction, no extra charges for high risk group patients, no pre existing conditions mandatory declaration or exclusion, no claim settlement hassles, no paperwork, no waiting period, no limitations or annual maximums and no referrals. Dental plans have heralded the advent of new era in dentistry.


OroEdge was born to put an end to the disparity in quality and cost of procedures, emphasize on the benefits of age old adage “Prevention is better than cure” and make quality dental treatment easily available, affordable and accessible.

With the need for dental care rising with the awareness in the masses and absence of any such plan which takes Free care on all the three fronts of any healthcare regimen i.e. , Diagnostic Preventive and Curative care this product in the time to come will become the backbone for many in the masses who are deprived of quality dental care.


As per the need of the society Plans have been formulated to accommodate all age groups and family sizes and suit every pocket too. All the routine procedures and specialized procedures like fillings, root canal treatment, fixed teeth replacement, wisdom tooth surgeries, crowns, teeth whitening, braces, complete dentures and much more are covered.


The medical fraternity too has realized the importance of oral health :
Untreated oral problems can lead to mouth cancer, low immune system, heart problems, daily fatigue and mood swings
American Diabetes Association puts it; you have more bacteria in your mouth than the earth has people.
According to International Diabetes Federation In 2007, India with 40.9 million people has the largest numbers of people with diabetes. Almost one-third of individuals with diabetes have severe gum disease which leads to 3x faster progression of Pyorrhea and Poor Blood Sugar control
Gum disease increase risk for preterm birth and low birth rate babies by as much as 18%. Women with gum disease are 3-5 times greater risk of a preterm birth. These births account for 60% of babies who die in infancy.


OroEdge is willing to associate at various levels to promote the cause of Oral care :


1. Associating with Companies dealing in the Oral Care products to create more awareness in the masses thereby improving the level of awareness and creating the need for the products.

2.Associating with Insurance sector that can provide an added Dental Advantage along with various healthcare policies and give the end user entire spectrum of protection

3. Associate with Corporate houses, Schools and other such organizations to extend dental benefits as a value addition.

4.Associate with Banks to provide a Dental Care incentive to their customers.

5. Associate with Indian Dental Association to improve the Dental Status of the Nation.


Currently operational in Delhi NCR with over 200 + Empanelled Clinics and 50 clinics in Bangalore OroEdge wishes to make it a product for the masses and plan to expand in all the cities in India. With the support of our Dental Community we will realize our goal of “Healthy Smiles for All”.

Important Dental Link

New addition of Important Dental Links
ADA
FDI
DCI
WHO

Live attenuated vaccines

" ROME Is My Best Place To go Yet ! " 
dnt watch ROME on tv, to see its beauty, go ROME and watch it LIVE....

Rubella
Oral polio vaccine
Measles
Epidemic typhus
Influenza
Mumps
BCG
Plague
Typhoid oral vaccine
Yellow fever

Structure Passing Through Foramen Ovale And Foramen Rotandum

OVALe   --- MALE =  Mandibular nerve, Accessory meningeal artrey ,lesser superficial petrosal nerve, emissary vein .


ROTOMAX = Foramen Rotandum - Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve .

MDS Exam Update

New section MDS Exam created. Soon, you will be able to watch all questions from previous year exams.

Micro Update

Mnemonic added.

Pharma Update

Mnemonic added.

MICRO UPDATE

Mnemonics added.

PHARMA UPDATE

Mnemonics added.

PHYSIO UPDATE

Mnemonics added.

PHARMA UPDATE

Mnemonics added.

PHARMA UPDATE

Mnemonics added

IMAGES & VIDEO UPDATES

Slideshow of ORAL SURGERY instruments.

BCHEM UPDATES

Mnemonics has been updated. Visit DENTAL MNEMONICS

PEDO UPDATES

Books Added In Pedo Section. Click Dental Library.